Lessons and Fairy Tales
A Brief History of Indonesian Occupation
Like other countries, Indonesia also has a very long past history starting from the golden era in the era of kingdoms such as Srivijaya and Majapahit, respectively, Indonesia also had a dark history under the pressure and oppression of the invaders of this country at that time.
Indonesia is now independent and the children of the nation have been able to feel the results of the struggle of the predecessors of this country who are willing to sacrifice property and even life for the future of their grandchildren like us who live in this day and age.
Here is a brief history of the Indonesian nation since the colonial era until the time of independence.
HISTORY OF INDONESIA
Indonesia was colonized starting from the Portuguese when it first arrived in Malacca in 1509. The Portuguese conquered Malacca on 10 August 1511 under Alfonso de Alburquerque.
After mastering the Malacca area, Portuguese explorers who want to control Indonesia to Ternate and Madura. For the Indonesian people to carry out various resistance against the Portuguese. One of the prominent resistance is from Fatahillah came from Demak and managed to seize Sunda Kelapa from the Portuguese.
Before Indonesia became independent briefly during the Portuguese colonial period ended in 1602 after Indonesia was entered by the Dutch. The Dutch entered Indonesia, Banten under the leadership of Cornelis de Houtman.
At that time the Dutch wanted to form a VOC that controlled Indonesian spices in 1602. Because the market was controlled by the Chinese and the British VOC office moved to South Sulawesi. In South Sulawesi alone VOC experienced resistance from Sultan Hasanudin.
Various agreements were made, one of which was the Bongaya agreement. Sultan Hasanudin broke his agreement with the Dutch. After that they moved to Yogyakarta. In Yogyakarta, the VOC signed the Treaty of Giyanti which contained “Dutch admitted to dubumi as Sultan Hamengku Buwono the first”.
This agreement broke the Mataram kingdom which until now became the Sultanate of Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. The VOC was disbanded on 1 January 1800 after the Dutch lost to the French.
At that time, after the VOC was dissolved, Dutch colonization did not stop there. The Dutch appointed Herman William Daendels as governor-general of the Dutch East Indies. In his time, the Indonesian people were forced to work making way from Anyer-Panarukan
He was soon replaced by Johannes van den Bosch. He implemented a forced planting system. This forced planting system each village is required to set aside some of its land to be planted with export commodities, especially sugar cane, indigo and coffee. The results will be sold to the colonial government at a price that has been determined previously as much as 20% and the harvest is handed over to the colonial government.
At a time when Indonesia will rise from continuous colonization in Indonesia. From Japan itself during his reign formed several organizations. Organizations made by Japan one of them is PETA (Defender of the Fatherland), PUTERA, Heiho (assistant soldiers) and others.
Japanese rule in Indonesia ended after Japan lost to allied troops during World War II. Two Japanese cities of Hirosima and Nagasaki were bombed by allied forces. After hearing of the defeat of Japan, a body was formed, namely BPUPKI or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai, chaired by Dr. Radjiman Widyodiningrat's.
The name BPUPKI or become PPKI or Dokuritsu Junbi Inkahi to further recommend the desire of independent Indonesia. Soekarno-Hatta as PPKI leader and Dr. Radjiman Widyodiningrat as former chairman of BPUPKI was flown to Dalat, Vietnam to meet Marshal Teauchi.
They are rumored that Jeapng troops are on the verge of defeat and will give independence to Indonesia.
But on August 10, 1945, Sutan Sjahrir had heard of Japan's defeat by radio. The underground fighters are ready to proclaim the independence of Indonesia, and reject the independence of Indonesia as a gift from Japan.
When Soekarno-hatta and Radjiman returned to Indonesia, the shahir urged a quick proclamation of independence. Sukarno was not yet convinced Japan had surrendered, and Hatta explained that the shahrir was not entitled to proclaim because it would be an important part of PPKI rights.
After hearing the defeat of Japan on August 14, 1945, young people urged the elderly to quickly make a proclamation of independence. However, the elderly do not want to rush, they do not want bloodshed in Indonesia to occur.
Soekarno-Hatta and Achmad Soebardjo came to Admiral Maeda's house to talk about Indonesian independence. In the morning around 10 am on August 16, 1945 Soekarno did not appear so it could not be carried out proclamation.
The meeting participants themselves did not know that the events that happened to them, namely the Rengasdengklok event was the kidnapping of Soekarno and Hatta by young people to accelerate the implementation of the proclamation. After returning to Jakarta after returning from Rengasdengklok, Soekarno and Hatta compiled the text of the proclamation at the house of Admiral Maeda assisted by Achmad Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarni, B.M. Diah, Sudiro and Sajuti Melik.
After the concept was completed, Sayuti Melik typed the script. The text was finally read on Friday, August 17, 1945. At first the reading of the proclamation will be done in Ikada Field, but due to security reasons transferred to Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56, Soekarno's residence.
