Lessons and Fairy Tales

PKI TO 2

The 1926 uprising

In May 1925, the Exec Committee of the Comintern in a plenary meeting ordered the communists in Indonesia to form an anti-imperialist front united with non-communist nationalist organizations, but extremist elements were dominated by Alimin & Alimin & Musso called for a revolution to overthrow the Dutch colonial government.In a conference in Prambanan, Central Java, Indonesia, the communist-controlled trade unions decided the revolution would begin with a strike by the railway workers that would signal a more general and broad strike for the revolution to begin. This would lead to a PKI that would replace the colonial government.

In November 1926 the PKI led a rebellion against colonial rule in West Java and West Sumatra. The PKI announced the creation of a republic. Together with Alimin, Musso who was one of the leaders of the PKI in that era was not in Indonesia. He was in talks with Tan Malaka who disagreed with the insurgency's move. The revolt was eventually brutally crushed by the colonial rulers. Thousands were killed and about 13,000 were detained, 4,500 were imprisoned, a total of 1,308 were generally exiled party cadres, and 823 were sent to Boven Digul, a detention camp in Papua . Some people died in custody. Many non-communist political activists were also targeted by the colonial government, arguing that it suppressed communist uprisings. In 1927, the PKI was banned by the Dutch government. Therefore, the PKI then moved underground.

The plan of the rebellion itself had been devised a long time ago. In the secret talks of PKI activists in Prambanan. The plan was firmly rejected by Tan Malaka, one of the main figures of the PKI who has a lot of mass especially in Sumatra. Tan Malaka predicted that the uprising would fail, because according to him the basis of the Indonesian proletariat was the peasant people not the workers as in the Soviet Union. The rejection made Tan Malaka stamped as a follower of Leon Trotsky who is also a central figure in the struggle of the Russian Revolution. However, some PKI actions actually occurred after the rebellion in Java occurred. Such as the Silungkang Rebellion in Sumatra.

In the early days of this ban, the PKI tried not to assert itself, especially since many of its leaders were imprisoned. In 1935 PKI leader Musso returned from exile in Moscow, the Soviet Union, to reorganize the PKI in his underground movement. Musso stayed only briefly in Indonesia. Then the PKI moved on various fronts, such as Gerindo and trade unions. In the Netherlands, the PKI began to move among Indonesian students among the nationalist organization, Perhimpoenan Indonesia, which soon sided with the PKI.

Postwar revival

In February 1948 the PKI and the Socialist Party formed a common front, the People's Democratic Front. The front did not last long, but the Socialist Party later merged with the PKI. At that time the Pesindo militia was under the control of the PKI.

On 11 August 1948 Musso returned to Jakarta after twelve years in the Soviet Union. The PKI Politiburo was reconstructed, including the D.N. Hausie, M.H. Lukman and Njoto. On September 5, 1948 he gave a speech suggesting that Indonesia should join the Soviet Union. And the suggestion led to the PKI rebellion in Madiun, East Java.

The Madiun Affair 1948

After the signing of the Renville Agreement in 1948, the results of the Renville negotiations were considered favorable to the position of the Netherlands. On the contrary, Indonesia became the aggrieved party with increasingly narrow territory owned. Many Republican armed units returned from the conflict zone. This gave some of the Indonesian right-wing belief that they would be able to rival the PKI militarily. Guerrilla units and militias under PKI influence were ordered to disperse. In Madiun the PKI military group refused to go along with the disarmament of the members who were killed in September of the same year. The killing sparked a violent uprising. This gave reason to suppress the PKI. It is claimed by military sources that the PKI had announced the proclamation of the 'Soviet Republic of Indonesia' on 18 September by naming Musso as president and Amir Syarifuddin as prime minister. At the same time the PKI denounced the rebellion and appealed for calm. On 30 September Madiun was taken over by the TNI of Siliwangi Division. Thousands of party cadres were killed and 36,000 imprisoned. Among the several executed leaders included Musso who was killed on October 31 while being caught in the Niten Village of Sumorejo Subdistrict, Ponorogo. It is suspected when Musso tried to escape from prison. Aidit and Lukman went into exile in the People's Republic of China. However, the PKI was not banned and continued to function. Reconstruction of the party began in 1949.

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