"Mafia And Doctors" Area
Malay Civilization

A. Background of the Problem

Islam is a religion derived from Allah SWT. There are two sides that can be used to understand the understanding of Islam, namely from the side of debate and from the side of terminology.

According to the science of language (ethimology), Islam comes from the Arabic salima which means safe, sentosa, and peace. And from this word is formed the words aslama, yuslimu and islaman which means to maintain in a safe sentosa state, and means also surrender, submit, obey and obey. A person who behaves as intended in the sense of Islam is called a Muslim, that is, someone who has declared himself obedient, surrendered, submissive and obedient to Allah SWT. (Drs. Muhammad Alim M's. Ag 2011).

In terms of (terminology), Islam means a name for a religion whose teachings are revealed by God to man through an Apostle. Or more strictly, Islam is the teachings revealed by God to the community through the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the Apostle. (Drs. Muhammad Alim M's. Ag 2011)

Islam came to Malay lands when Hindu and Buddhist influences were still strong. At that time, Srivijaya (Budha) and Majapahit (Hindu) still controlled most of the territory that now includes the Malay region. Malay people get acquainted with the religion and culture of Islam through trade routes, just as when acquainted with Hinduism and Buddhism. Islam entered the Malay lands in the 7th century. (Brazil, Amri. 2012).

The spread of Islam in Malay also through scholars who are experts in Islamic issues. The struggle of these scholars is recorded in the history of Islamic civilization in Malay. In this paper we will discuss who are the scholars of the spreader of Islam and what are his works in the Malay region.

Ulama is a figure who has a special role in community life. The cleric has his own position in the Islamic society. Although there have been some changes in the areas of emphasis and the areas of work, they have had an important position until now. (Nor Huda 2007).

Scholars in Islamic teachings have a position as waratsah al-anbiya' (heir of the prophets) who have historically been sociological authorities in religion.

Therefore, scholars are highly respected and disinclined both his ideas and thoughts. In various dimensions, ideas and thoughts are seen as truth, held and acknowledged strictly and binding, in other words the clergy is a very important religious elite group. (Zulkifli 1999).

A. Problem Formulation

As for the formulation of the problem in this discussion, namely :

1. What is the history of Ulama nusantara?

2. What methods are used by scholars in the spread of Islam in the Malay region?

3. What are the forms of the works of the scholars in the Malay region?

A. Objectives

The purpose of this discussion is :

1. Knowing about the history of the nusantara

2. Knowing what methods are used by the scholars in the spread of Islam in the Malay region

3. Knowing what are the forms of the works of the scholars in the Malay region

A. History of Ulama Nusantara

In terms of language, the word ulama is a form of kara plural actors (jama') from the word alim (in single form) whose basic meaning is “people who know” or “people who are knowledgeable “. (Cited from statement H. Abu Hurairah Abd Salam LC, MA)

Islam into the archipelago did not escape the role of scholars who have spread their Islamic preaching to the people in the archipelago. Local wisdom that is not left behind still goes along with Islam. As for some of the scholars we will discuss in the discussion this time.

1. Abdul Qadir bin Abdul Muttalib

Abdul Qadir bin Abdul Muttalib was a prominent Malay national cleric. (Magazine al-araga bag. 1). Born in 1329 H in Sigalapang, Panyabungan sub-district, Mandailing Natal district, North Sumatra. His name is Abdul Qadir bin Abdul Muttalib bin Hassan Al-Andunisi Al-Mandili Al-Makki Asy-Syafi’i. Actually the name of his father is still in dispute by historians. Some call it Talib and some call it Abdul Muttalib.

a. Education

He received his early education in the Netherlands in 1927 and graduated fifth grade in 1923. In 1924, he moved to Kedah for religious studies. When he migrated to Kedah, Malaysia in 1924, the young Sheikh Abdul Qadir initially studied to Tuan Guru Haji Bakar Tobiar, in Pondok Penyarum, Pendang, next he continued to Pondok Air Hitam under the guidance of Master Haji Idris and Lebai Dukun. In 1926, Sheikh Abdul Qadir attended school at Madrasah Darul Sa’adah Al-Islamiyah or Pondok Titi Gajah, It is also said that at the time he was still nyantri in Darul Saadah’ Al-Islamiyyah, he also said, he used to take advantage of the holiday period to work as a rice hitter because the location of the madrasah was located in the rice field environment. Although as a santri, he is not awkward to live his job. In his mind, the important thing is that halal need not be ashamed of being lived. Despite having to work, he does not necessarily forget his main purpose of visiting.

While working on hitting the rice, he looks while memorizing something. Maybe a book or something. Thanks to the gift of God, then thanks to his perseverance to learn is not surprising if he managed to master many scientific fields.

Besides being famous for diligent learning, ‘Abdul Qadir Al-Mandili is also famous for his perseverance in worshiping Allah. Not only the obligatory worship that he did, but the worship of the sunnah was much pursued. Not only did he learn, but he also learned it.

b. Hunting in the Haram lands

In 1355 H, Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir bin ‘Abdul Muttalib al-Mandili left for Mecca Al-Mukkaramah, a country that has always been the dream of all people, let alone claim the knowledge. It is a custom that is prevalent to be ‘sunnah’ claimant of knowledge in Nusantara, feels imperfect if not take part in learning in the hometown of the Prophet. So at that time ‘Abdul Qadir no longer strongly resisted his desire to immediately leave to meet him. Arriving in Mecca and after completing the pilgrimage that year, he was determined to stay there longer, no other to draw knowledge from his scholars even though his knowledge can be said to be deep and mature. But because of his thirst for science that is still not treated, he felt he had to further deepen it.

After studying for a long time to many scholars of the Holy Land, he obtained a teaching permit at the Grand Mosque. He taught for almost 30 years, in various branches of scholarship.

2. Abdul Somad

Abdul Somad was born on May 18, 1977 in North Sumatra. He is a da'i or Islamic preacher from Indonesia who is mainly focused in the field of Hadith and Fiqh. He also works as a lecturer and has taught at Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University (UIN Suska) Riau in 2009-2019. (Official website of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim).

Abdul Somad was the son of Bakhtiar and Rohana. From the mother's side, her lineage is connected to Sheikh Abdurrahman or Lord Shaykh Glare Sea I.

a. Education

From elementary school, Abdul Somad was educated through tahfidz qur'an-based schools. Graduated in elementary school in 1990, he continued his education at the madrasah tsanawiyah mu'allimin al-washliyah Medan. Graduated in 1993, he continued his education to the Darularafah pesantren of North Sumatra for one year. In 1994, he moved to Riau to continue his education at the Nurul Falah aliyah madrasah and completed it in 1996. In the following years between 1996-1998, he had studied at UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.

In 1998, when the Egyptian government opened a scholarship to 100 Indonesians to study at Al-Azhar University, he took the test and became one of the 100 people eligible for the scholarship, beating out 900 people who also took the test. And in mid-2002, Abdul Somad managed to get his LC title in brackets for 3 years and 10 months.

3. Shofwan Karim Elha's

Born Shofwan Karim Elha, he came from Sirih Sekapur Village, Junjuhan, Bungo, Jambi on December 12, 1952. However, it was recorded on his birth certificate that he was born in Sijunjung, Central Semata. He was the eldest of ten children of Haji Abdul Karim (1927–2003) and Hajjah Rahana (1936–1995) who were Minangkabau blooded. He grew up in a religious family environment, while his father worked as a religious teacher in Sungai Limau, Koto Baru, Sijunjung.

a. Education

Shofwan received his primary education at Rantau Ikil People's School and Ibtidaiah Al-Hidayatul Islamiah Madrasah in 1965, Jambi State 5 Secondary School in 1968, Jambi State High School in 1968, and the Preparatory School of the Imam Bonjol State Islamic Institute at present Madrasah Aliah Negeri 1 Padang Panjang in 1971.

After completing his secondary education, Shofwan continued his college degree at the Tarbiyah Faculty of the Imam Bonjol State Islamic Institute at the current Imam Bonjol State Islamic University

He received his baccalaureate degree in 1976, and completed his bachelor's degree in Doctorate at the same campus in 1982. Then, he again continued his education at the State Islamic Institute Syarif Hidayatullah currently Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University and got a Master of Ulama Graduate Program in 1991. And in 2008, he managed to achieve a Doctoral degree at the Graduate School of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah by dissecting dissertations related to Nationalism, Pancasila ideology, and its relationship with Islam as the basis of the Indonesian state.

1. Buya Yahya's

Buya Yahya has the full name Yahya Zainul Ma’arif Jamzuri. He was born in Blitar, East Java on Wednesday Legi dated 16 Rojab in 1393 Hijriyah or August 10, 1973 AD. Currently Buya Yahya is based in the Da’wah Development Institute (LPD) Al-Bahjah Kel. Sendang Kec.Sumber Cirebon regency, West Java.

a. Education

Buya Yahya through educational background. As for the education that passed by him is non-formal and formal education. Here is his educational background.

Non-formal education

a) studied at the Madrasah Diniah Al-Falah in Blitar for 8 years under the tutelage of Al-Murobbi KH. Mahbub Imron.

c) Study in ponpes Darullughoh Wadda’wah Bangil – Pasuruan for 8 years under the tutelage of Al-Murobbi Al-Habib Hasan Bin Ahmad Baharun

d) Study 9 (nine) years in Hadhramaut to the scholars in Tarim and Mukalla – Hadhramaut-Yemen under the tutelage of Al-Murobbi Al-Habib Abdullah bin Muhammad Baharun and Al-Murobbi Al-YemenHabib Idrus bin Umar Al - Kaf

Formal Education

a) SD - SMP is completed in his birthplace

b) SMA was completed at Pondok Pesantren Darullughoh Wadda’wah in Bangil, Pasuruhan, East Java

c) Then continued S1 and S2 education at Al-Ahgaf University, Hadramaut, Yemen

d) Then complete the Ph.D program at the American University for Human Sciences California, USA

e) Established as an honorary professor of Islamic Law at Sulthan Agung University, Semarang, Central Java.

2. AbuBakar Ayyub

Abubakar Ayyub was a Minangkabau cleric who promoted the entry of Qadian Ahmadiyah teachings into the archipelago (before the existence of Indonesia). At the beginning of the 20th century, together with his two colleagues, namely Ahmad Nuruddin and Zaini Dahlan. Initially, Abubakar Ayyub and his two colleagues were students from Sumatra Thawalib Padangpanjang. The first modern Islamic school in Indonesia was founded by Minangkabau scholars, such as Abdul Karim Amrullah, Zainuddin Labai el-Yunusiyah and several other clerical figures.

At first, Abubakar Ayyub and his colleagues wanted to continue their religious education to Cairo, Egypt, but by his teacher he was advised to study religion to India, because at that time India was also developing into a center of Islamic modernization thinking. Arriving in Lahore, India, they were also impressed by the Ahmadiyya teachings developed by Anjuman Isyaati Islam (Ahmadiyah Lahore) because they changed their understanding and faith aspect of Islam.

Once they knew that the real source of Ahmadiyya teachings was from Qadian founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Prize, they went to Qadian, although banned by Anjuman Isyaati Islam (Ahmadiyah Lahore). After going through a long study, finally in Qadian it is Abubakar Ayyub, Ahmad Nuruddin, who, Zaini Dahlan and 23 students from Sumatra Thawalib who came later in the baiat entered the Ahmadiyya Community (Qadian Ahmadiyya).

A. The Methods of Ulama in the Spread of Islam

The entry of Islam to Indonesia can not be separated from the struggle of preachers who broadcast it with various strategies and methods, so that it can be accepted by the indigenous population. The delivery of Islamic teachings in Indonesia is generally done with a peace strategy. Reporting the book History of Islam Nusantara by Rizem Aizid, there are several strategies used by preachers in spreading Islamic shariah.8

1) Trading Methods

Indonesia was included in international trade routes in the 7th century AD-16, so Muslim traders from Arabia, Persia, and India also came to trade. In addition to trading, they also spread the teachings of Islam to people who were still Hindu and Buddhist. The merchants took the sea route to come to Indonesia, until business took place between the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Southeast Asia. Trade is not the only way Islam enters Indonesia. But with this trade Islam began to be known and followed by the indigenous population. So that traders have an important role in broadcasting Islam in Indonesia.

2) Method of Marriage

Muslim traders who stopped then many settled in Indonesia. So that some of them married the noble daughter of the native kingdom. The marriage took place Islamically. Which at that time the indigenous people had many who said the word shahadah. From that marriage, many of their descendants became scholars and spreaders of Islam in the archipelago. One example is the marriage between Maulana Ishaq and the daughter of King Blambangan who later gave birth to Sunan Giri. Sunan Giri is one of the songo guardians who has an important role in the spread of Islam in Java.

3) Methods of Social Improvement

The preachers of Islam first Islamized the kings and nobles who had the highest social level. With their Islam, many of the kingdom's inhabitants were at the bottom following their king. This strategy is also effective in the spread of Islam in Indonesia.

4) Method of Education

After the many followers of Islam in Indonesia, the preachers built boarding schools and mosques. Which is used as a gathering place to learn Islamic sharia and the formation of prospective scholars. The students are really taught various kinds of knowledge, to become experts in the field of Islam. Later they broadcast Islam to other indigenous communities. Extended to various regions in the archipelago. At that time this boarding school was founded by teachers, scholars, and kiai. For example Sunan Gresik who is believed to be the first person to build a pesantren in Java.

Islam to other indigenous peoples. Extended to various regions in the archipelago. At that time this boarding school was founded by teachers, scholars, and kiai. For example Sunan Gresik who is believed to be the first person to build a pesantren in Java.

Discuss the ideology of capitalism, socialism, and communism. The writings are still being printed and studied in various formal and non-formal educational institutions. In his writings it can be clearly felt the nuances of da'wah to the tawhid he prioritized.

Among his works are: Al-Khaa al-Saniyyah min Masyahir al-Kutub al-Fiqhiyah Li Aimmatina al-Fuqaha‘ assy-Shafi’iyyah. Minutes of Qadiani Trees, Weapons of Tok Haji and Tok Labai, Tuhfah al-Qari‘ al-Muslim fi al-Ahadits al-Muttafaq ‘Alaiha Bayn al-Imam al-Bukhari wa al-Imam Muslim. Hukm al-Ihram min Jaddah, The Antidote to the Heart, the Shield of All Mukallaf, the Establishment of Islam, the Antidote to the Heart. And so forth.

a) Abdul Somad

Abdul Somad wrote several works. Among them are his own scientific work and works. Here is the list of these works.

Scientific works written by Abdul Somad :

i. Acts of Maxiat Causes of Household Damage (Original Title: Al-Ma’ashi Tu’i ila Al-Faqri wa Kharab Al-Buyut), Author: Majdi Fathi As-Sayyid. Published by Pustaka Al-Kautsar, Jakarta, March 2008.

ii. 55 Marriage Advice For Women, (Original Title: 55 Nashihat li al-banat qabla az-zawaj), Author: DR. Akram Thal’at, Dar at-Ta’if, Cairo. Published by Publisher Cendikia Sentra Muslim-Jakarta, April-2004.

iii. 101 Stories of Those Who Accomplished His Prayer (Original Title: 101 Qishash wa Qishah li Alladzina Istajaba Allah Lahum Ad-Du’a’, Majdi Fathi As-Sayyid. Published by Pustaka Azzam – Jakarta, December 2004.

iv. 30 Persons Guaranteed to Enter Heaven (Original Title: 30 al-mubasysyarun bi al-jannah), DR.Mustafa Murad, Dar al-Fajr li at-Turats, Cairo. Published by Cendikia Sentra Muslim-Jakarta, July-2004.

v. 15 Reasons for Revoked Blessing (Original Title: 15 sabab min asbab naz’ al-barakah), Author: Abu Al-Hamd Abdul Fadhil, Dar ar-Raudhah-Cairo. Published by Cendikia Sentra Muslim-Jakarta, August-2004

As for his work, namely: All There is Time, 35 stories when death picks up, 30 pearls of Ramadan, 15 because of the revocation of blessings, 32 manuscripts of sermons, Ustadz Abdul Somad Answers, 77 questions answered about prayer, and 77 questions about prayer, 40 Hadith of remembrance and prayer according to the sunnah, the most beloved practice of God. And so forth.

CHAPTER III

AFTERWORD

A. Conclusions

B. Suggestion

Civilization and Islamic culture in the country slowly fade along with the development of the era and technology. Therefore, we as the future of Indonesia must defend what our ancestors fought for. As explained above, many methods of spreading Islam can be used. Self-awareness is also very important to evaluate the environment. Because the best change is a change of self into a person that is good for yourself and the environment.

This paper on the task of Islam and Malay civilization is far from complete and perfect. There are many scholars as well as his works in the Malay area. Please apply to maklumin if there is a lack of information. May we be able to maintain this glorious Islamic religious culture.

So Thank you so much 🙏

"Mafia And Doctors" AreaMalay Civilization

"Mafia And Doctors" Area
Malay Civilization